支持全球化的主要经济案例
Main economic case in favour of globalisation
1. Introduction 简介
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defined globalisation as,'The geographical dispersion of industrial and service activities' for example, research and development, sourcing of inputs, production and distribution and the cross border networking of companies through joint ventures and the sharing of assets.
According to Bhagwati and Jagdish (2004)economic globalization is the integration of national economies into the international economy throughtrade, for examples such as foreign direct investment, migration, and the technology transfer from one country to another.
Despite, globalization recognised as combination of economic, technological, socio-cultural, political, and biological factors (Sheila, 2004). The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, orpopular culturethroughacculturation. Economic activity is becoming organised on a global scale giving a new international division of labour, with production, investment patternsand movements and technology transfers all becoming global. In this
strategy, activities are established in many sites spread over theworld, based on a country's comparative advantage.
2. Factors that have led to the process of increased globalisation 导致全球化进程的因素
The rapid effects of globalisation can be linked to the growth of multi-national firms, since products and services have been increasingly internationalised, seen in the development of globalised supply chains. In addition to this, the deregulation of capital markets also makes it easier to achieve acquisitions and mergers. This has resulted in the expansion of the trans-national activities of multi-national firms, and particularly in motor cars, oil, pharmaceuticals, airlines and financial services. There has been an accompanying integration and fusion of national markets, in part through free trade zones such as NAFTA and AFTA, and often reflected in the escalation of foreign direct investment, including in the less developed world.
Reference should also be made to 'cross-border connectivity' in other words, the development of new information technologies, and the accompanying new ways of buying and selling goods and services.
The process of globalisation is mainly motivated by the desire of corporations to increase profits and by governments' intent upon tapping into the potential economic and social benefits that come from increased trade in goods, services and the free flow of financial capital. Among the factors, this
essay has divided main drivers that accelerated the production and market globalization into two aspects which are static aspects and dynamic aspects.
3. Static trade globalisation 全球化的静态贸易
3.1. Technology
Modern artefact and technological are a static aspects which accelerated global economies. In 1980s, the world communication has experienced a fundamental change in the perception of the world and one of the reaching transformations has been the economic structural changes on the global scale. The fundamental of these changes is seen to lie on the technolo
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