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onal) or endophoric (textual) is that, the thing referred to has to be identifiable somehow. And endophora refer to preceding text is anaphora, and that to follow text is cataphora. 

Byoungman (2009) investigated the use of reference and substitution as cohesion devices by advanced Korean EFL writers and English native writers, finding that there was not much difference in the overall use of cohesion devices between the two groups though some devices were used by Korean writers more often than native ones. Károly (2014) explored the creation and reaction of referential cohesion in Hungarian-English translation and examined the extent to which shifts of reference are motivated by the differences between the languages, the characteristics of the translation type and the genre. The result showed certain claims may be formulated regarding the behavior of referential cohesion in translation and how it may be affected by the differences between the two language systems. Zhang (2020) aimed to investigate the use of cohesive devices and their functions in the argumentative essays written by students in his study. The results revealed that the said writers use different cohesive devices to establish coherence and cohesion, and thereby, organize the information in their essays. The use of reference items is observed to be more frequent as compared to the use of conjunctions, logical connections, and substitutions. 

Chapter 3 Literature Review ........................ 13

3.1 Development of Cohesion Theory ........................... 13

3.1.1 Development Abroad ............................. 13

3.1.2 Development at Home .......................... 14

Chapter 4 Research Design .............................. 21

4.1 Research Questions ........................ 21

4.2 Research Subjects .................................... 21

4.3 Methodology and Instruments ............... 23

Chapter 5 Results and Discussion ........................ 29

5.1 Statistics Description ............................... 29

5.2 Grammatical Cohesive Devices ............................ 31

Chapter 5 Results and Discussion

5.1 Statistics Description

The distribution of the 52 indicators was 20 for reference, 17 for substitution, 2 for ellipsis, 4 for conjunction, 6 for reiteration, and 3 for collocation. As a matter of fact, referential cohesion is one of the most used cohesive devices, and this is true from the data. However, there are cohesive devices that cannot be identified, such as ellipsis that is connected by omission, which means that cohesion cannot be reflected from the presence of words in the text. The indices of ellipsis, there are only two, are the limitations of the computer-assisted technology of identification. 

Chapter 6 Conclusion

6.1 Major Findings and Contribution

The achievements of this study not only enrich the research content of discourse cohesion but also introduce new research methods. Due to the importance of discourse cohesion in texts, researchers have propo本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。